When the Afghan state was formed in 1747, the concept of the Afghan people officially began to be used. But the internal division of the Afghan people, like that of other Muslim states in Central Asia, is made up of clans and tribes. Moreover, the Afghan peoples also lived in the territory of neighboring Muslim countries and could not be called by the notion of an immigrant people. In the census conducted by the Russian Empire, these peoples were referred to as "immigrants" rather than indigenous peoples. For this reason, this article analyzes the migration processes and causes of Afghan citizens living in Central Asia.